GlobalEnvironmentSince 1850Curatedhigh confidence

Ocean Acidification

The chemistry of the ocean is changing faster than at any point in millions of years.

Severity score

54.1

Severe · default weighting

Trajectory

Worsening

What this is

The ocean has absorbed roughly a quarter of human carbon emissions, lowering pH and reducing the carbonate that shell-forming organisms need. Effects cascade through fisheries that supply protein to billions of people, and the change is effectively irreversible on human timescales.

Score breakdown

Loss of life

6

Direct and attributable mortality, normalised across annual and cumulative tolls.

Lives negatively impacted

72

People displaced, injured, food-insecure, exposed or otherwise materially harmed.

Financial cost

62

Direct damage, lost output and health-system spend attributable to the event.

Environmental impact

94

Emissions, habitat and biodiversity loss, contamination and irreversibility.

Trajectory

78

Whether the situation is escalating, and how much worse it is plausibly getting.