GlobalEnvironmentSince 1950Curatedmedium confidence

PFAS and Forever Chemicals

Industrial chemicals that do not break down are now in almost every human bloodstream.

Severity score

62.1

Severe · default weighting

Trajectory

Worsening

What this is

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are used in cookware, firefighting foam, textiles and packaging, and persist indefinitely in water and soil. They are linked to cancers, immune suppression and developmental effects. Cleanup, where attempted at all, is extraordinarily expensive.

Score breakdown

Loss of life

22

Direct and attributable mortality, normalised across annual and cumulative tolls.

Lives negatively impacted

80

People displaced, injured, food-insecure, exposed or otherwise materially harmed.

Financial cost

84

Direct damage, lost output and health-system spend attributable to the event.

Environmental impact

78

Emissions, habitat and biodiversity loss, contamination and irreversibility.

Trajectory

70

Whether the situation is escalating, and how much worse it is plausibly getting.